E like me kā mākou i ʻike ai, ʻo PCB, ʻo ia ka makuahine o ka ʻoihana uila, he mea nui loa ia i nā huahana uila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā papa papa kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ka hapa nui o nā papa mana o kekahi mau mea koʻikoʻi.Ke loaʻa ka pilikia, maʻalahi ke kumu o nā poho nui.A laila, i ke koho ʻana i kahi foundry I ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai i nā papa papa kiʻekiʻe, pehea e hoʻoholo ai inā loaʻa i kahi hale hana papa PCB nā pono no ka hana?ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ma ka nānā ʻana i ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana maikaʻi o ka hale hana papa PCB.No ka ʻike i nā palapala ABIS, clink maanei .

ʻO ka mea mua, ka palapala hōʻoia ISO 9001 - ka hōʻoia ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi.

ISO 9001 palapala hōʻoia

ʻO ka palapala hōʻoia ISO 9001 ʻo ia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi loa i ka honua, e hoʻonohonoho ana i nā kūlana ʻaʻole wale no nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi akā no nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele ma ka laulā.Hoʻoikaika ia i ka pae hoʻokele o ka ʻoihana ma o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻoluʻolu o ka mea kūʻai aku a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoihoi o nā limahana.Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hōʻoia i ka hiki i ka ʻoihana ke hāʻawi i nā huahana i kūpono i nā koi o nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā lula pili.He passport ia no ka loiloi maikaʻi a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻoihana a me nā huahana.

ʻO ka palapala hōʻoia ISO 9001 kahi palapala hōʻoia maʻamau i ka honua.Hiki i nā hale hana uila maʻamau ke hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻoihana papa PCB no ka mea maʻalahi ka hana ʻana o PCB i nā ʻōpala e hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni., no laila, pono e loaʻa iā IS0 14001 palapala hōʻoia, ʻo ia hoʻi, hōʻoia ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kaiapuni.

ISO 14001 palapala hōʻoia

ʻO ka palapala hōʻoia ISO 14001 kahi kūlana honua e kālele ana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kaiapuni.Me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike kaiapuni o ka poʻe, ua ʻike ʻia kēia maʻamau e nā ʻāina a me nā ʻoihana.ʻO kāna kumu nui ka koi ʻana i ka hui e kāohi i nā mea e pili ana i ke kaiapuni i ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻolālā huahana, hana, hoʻohana, hopena o ke ola a me ka hana hou.Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i loko o nā ʻano nui: nā kulekele kaiapuni, ka hoʻolālā, ka hoʻokō a me ka hana, ka nānā ʻana a me nā hana hoʻoponopono, a me ka loiloi hoʻokele.

Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ISO 9001, IS0 14001 palapala hōʻoia, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā papa PCB uila uila maʻamau.No laila, pehea inā pono ʻoe e hana i nā papa PCB uila uila?I kēia hihia, koi ʻia ka palapala hōʻoia IATF 16949, Automotive Quality Management System Certification.

IATF 16949 palapala hōʻoia

ʻO ka hōʻoia IATF 16949 kahi kikoʻī ʻenehana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui ʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa honua IATF, e pili ana i ka ISO 9001 quality management system standard a hoʻopili ʻia me nā koi kūikawā o ka ʻoihana kaʻa.Hiki i nā huahana ke hoʻohui i ka waiwai.Aia nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi no nā mea hana i hiki ke hōʻoia.No laila, ʻo ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia kikoʻī e loaʻa i kahi hopena pololei i nā ʻoihana kaʻa a me kā lākou mau mea hana ʻāpana.He aha inā pono ʻoe e hana i nā papa PCB lāʻau lapaʻau?Pono ka palapala hōʻoia ISO 13485, ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ISO 13485 palapala hōʻoia

ʻO ka palapala hōʻoia ISO 13485 kahi kūlana hoʻokele maikaʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻike ʻia i ka honua, e kālele ana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi, ʻike ʻia e ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, nā ʻoihana hoʻoponopono a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻolālā.Hāʻawi ka ISO 13485 maʻamau i nā mea hana, nā mea hoʻolālā a me nā mea hoʻolako i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau me ke ʻano kūpono e hōʻike ai i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi hoʻoponopono a hōʻemi i ka pilikia o nā mea pili.ʻO ka ISO13485 ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi o nā mea olakino e pili ana i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maikaʻi mau, ka palekana o ka huahana a me ka kūleʻa mau o kāu huahana a i ʻole nā ​​​​lawelawe, kākoʻo iā lākou me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi a maikaʻi.He aha inā inā pono ʻoe e hana i nā papa PCB koa?A laila, pono ʻoe e kiʻi i ka palapala hōʻoia GJB 9001, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele waiwai maʻamau.

GJB 9001 palapala hōʻoia

ʻO ka GJB 9001 pūʻali koa ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e like me nā koi o ka "Regulations on the Quality Management of Military Products" (i kapa ʻia ʻo "Regulations") a ma ke kumu o ka ISO 9001 standard, hoʻohui i nā koi kūikawā no nā huahana kaua.ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana moʻo pūʻali koa i hāpai i ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele waiwai o ka pūʻali koa, a hāpai i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana koa a me ka hilinaʻi.He aha inā pono e lawe ʻia aku i ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa?A laila, koi ʻia nā palapala hōʻoia RoHS a me REACH.

Hōʻike RoHS

ʻO ka palapala hōʻoia RoHS kahi maʻamau i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kānāwai EU, a ʻo kona inoa piha ʻo "Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Hazardous Components in Electrical and Electronic Equipment".Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka maʻamau ma Iulai 1, 2006, a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia e hoʻoponopono i nā mea a me nā hana maʻamau o nā huahana uila a me ka uila, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke olakino kanaka a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni.ʻO ke kumu o kēia maʻamau ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea 6 me ke alakaʻi, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls a me polybrominated diphenyl ethers i nā huahana uila a me ka uila, a ʻo ia ka mea nui i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole pono ka nui o ka cadmium ma mua o 0.01%.

ʻŌlelo REACH

ʻO ka palapala hōʻoia REACH ka pōkole o EU Regulations "Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals".He manaʻo hoʻoponopono kēia e pili ana i ka palekana o ka hana kemika, kālepa a hoʻohana.ʻO ka hoʻokūkū o ka ʻoihana, a me ka hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā mea ʻawaʻawa a me nā mea ʻino ʻole.ʻAʻole like me ka RoHS Directive, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka REACH, e pili ana i nā huahana a me nā kaʻina hana i nā ʻoihana like ʻole mai ka mining a me nā lole a me nā lole, nā ʻoihana māmā, electromechanical a pēlā aku.He aha inā makemake ka mea kūʻai aku i ka huahana i mea ahi?A laila, pono e loaʻa i nā mea hana ka palapala hōʻoia UL.

UL palapala hōʻoia

ʻO ke kumu o ka hōʻoia UL ʻo ia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka palekana o nā huahana a kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ke ahi a me ka nalowale o ke ola i hana ʻia e nā huahana hemahema;ma o ka hōʻoia ʻana o UL, e pōmaikaʻi nā ʻoihana mai ka manaʻo o UL no ka "holo palekana ma o ka pōʻai ola huahana".I ka pae noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka palekana o nā huahana ʻo ia ka mea nui, a ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i nā huahana palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi e ʻike ʻia e nā mākeke kūloko a me ka honua.Pono e hōʻoia ʻia nā huahana uila ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka mākeke honua.

ʻO ka manaʻo, inā ʻaʻohe koi ʻē aʻe o ka mea kūʻai aku, ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka palapala hōʻoia i luna, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia nā papa PCB i hana ʻia i nā wahi āpau a puni ka honua.

ʻO ka mea i luna nei ka palapala hōʻoia o PCB.Inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i ka PCB, e ʻoluʻolu e kūkākūkā me aʻu.

He nīnau, e ʻoluʻolu kāhea iā mā˚ou .