SMT ( Iteraniro ryinama yumuzunguruko , PCBA ) byitwa kandi tekinoroji yo hejuru.Mugihe cyo gukora, paste yagurishijwe irashyuha kandi igashonga ahantu hashyuha, kuburyo padi ya PCB ihujwe neza nibice byubuso bwimbere binyuze mumashanyarazi ya paste.Twise iyi nzira yerekana kugurisha.Ibyinshi mu mbaho zumuzunguruko bikunda kugunama no gutondeka mugihe bigenda byerekana (kugurisha ibicuruzwa).Mubihe bikomeye, birashobora no gutera ibice nko kugurisha ubusa hamwe namabuye. Mumurongo witeranirizo wikora, niba PCB yuruganda rwumuzunguruko rutameze neza, bizatera imyanya idahwitse, ibice ntibishobora kwinjizwa mumyobo no hejuru yubuso bwibibaho, ndetse na mashini yinjizamo byikora.Ikibaho gifite ibice byunamye nyuma yo gusudira, kandi ibirenge bigize ibice biragoye guca neza.Ikibaho ntigishobora gushyirwa kuri chassis cyangwa sock imbere mumashini, kubwibyo rero birababaje cyane uruganda rwiteranirizo guhura nikibaho.Kugeza ubu, imbaho zacapwe zinjiye mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho hejuru no kwishyiriraho chip, kandi ibihingwa byo guteranya bigomba kuba bifite ibisabwa bikomeye kandi bikomeye kugirango ubwato bugende.
Ukurikije IPC-6012 yo muri Amerika (1996 Edition) "Ibisobanuro n'imikorere ya Ikibaho cyacapwe . ubungubu, urupapuro rwintambara rwemewe ninganda zitandukanye ziteranirizwamo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, tutitaye kumpande ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi, uburebure bwa 1,6mm, mubisanzwe ni 0,70 ~ 0,75%.
Kubibaho byinshi bya SMT na BGA, ibisabwa ni 0.5%.Inganda zimwe za elegitoronike zirasaba kongera urwego rwintambara kugeza 0.3%.Uburyo bwo kugerageza urupapuro rwintambara bihuye na GB4677.5-84 cyangwa IPC-TM-650.2.4.22B.Shira ikibaho cyacapwe kuri platifomu yagenzuwe, shyiramo pin yipimisha ahantu urwego rwintambara arirwo runini cyane, hanyuma ugabanye diameter ya pin yikizamini uburebure bwuruhande rugoramye bwibibaho byacapwe kugirango ubare urupapuro rwintambara rwa ikibaho.Ingengabihe yagiye.
Muburyo rero bwo gukora PCB, ni izihe mpamvu zitera kunama no gukubita ikibaho?
Impamvu ya buri sahani yunamye hamwe no gufata isahani irashobora kuba itandukanye, ariko byose bigomba guterwa nihungabana ryakoreshejwe ku isahani iruta imihangayiko ibikoresho byisahani bishobora kwihanganira.Iyo isahani ihuye nimpungenge zingana cyangwa Mugihe ubushobozi bwa buri mwanya kurubaho bwo kurwanya imihangayiko butaringaniye, ibisubizo byo kunama kubibaho no gufata ikibaho bizabaho.Ibikurikira nincamake yimpamvu enye zingenzi zitera kunama amasahani.
1. Ubuso bw'umuringa butaringaniye ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko bizarushaho kunama no gutembera kw'ikibaho
Mubisanzwe, agace kanini k'umuringa gakozwe ku kibaho cyumuzingi hagamijwe guhagarara.Rimwe na rimwe, igice kinini cyumuringa nacyo cyateguwe kurwego rwa Vcc.Mugihe utwo turere twinshi umuringa udashobora gukwirakwizwa ku kibaho kimwe cyumuzunguruko Muri iki gihe, bizatera ikibazo cyo kwinjiza ubushyuhe butaringaniye no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.Nibyo, ikibaho cyumuzunguruko nacyo kizaguka kandi kigabanye ubushyuhe.Niba kwaguka no kwikuramo bidashobora gukorwa icyarimwe, bizatera impagarara zitandukanye.Muri iki gihe, niba ubushyuhe bwinama bwageze kuri Tg Urwego rwo hejuru rwagaciro, ikibaho kizatangira koroshya, gitera ihinduka rihoraho.
2. Uburemere bwibibaho byumuzunguruko ubwabyo bizatera ikibaho kunanuka no guhinduka
Mubisanzwe, itanura ryerekana ikoresha urunigi kugirango itware ikibaho cyumuzingi imbere mu itanura ryerekana, ni ukuvuga ko impande zombi zubuyobozi zikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gushyigikira ikibaho cyose.Niba hari ibice biremereye kurubaho, cyangwa ubunini bwibibaho ni binini cyane, Bizerekana ihungabana hagati kubera ubwinshi bwimbuto, bigatuma isahani yunama.
3. Ubujyakuzimu bwa V-Cut hamwe nu murongo uhuza bizagira ingaruka kumiterere ya jigsaw
Ahanini, V-Cut niyo nyirabayazana yangiza imiterere yikibaho, kubera ko V-Cut ikata ibishishwa bimeze nka V ku rupapuro runini rwambere, bityo V-Cut ikunda guhinduka.
4. Ingingo zihuza (vias) za buri cyiciro kurwego rwumuzunguruko bizagabanya kwaguka no kugabanuka kwinama
Uyu munsi imbaho zumuzunguruko ahanini ni imbaho nyinshi, kandi hazaba hari imirongo isa na rivet (binyuze) hagati yabyo.Ingingo zihuza zigabanijwemo ibyobo, umwobo uhumye hamwe nu mwobo washyinguwe.Aho hari aho uhurira, inama izabuzwa.Ingaruka zo kwaguka no kwikuramo nabyo bizatera mu buryo butaziguye kugorora isahani no gufata amasahani.
Nigute dushobora kwirinda neza ikibazo cyo gutwarwa ninama mugihe cyo gukora? Hano hari uburyo buke bwiza nizera ko bushobora kugufasha.
1. Mugabanye ingaruka zubushyuhe kumaganya yibibaho
Kubera ko "ubushyuhe" aribwo soko nyamukuru yo guhangayikishwa ninama, mugihe cyose ubushyuhe bwitanura ryagabanutse cyangwa igipimo cyo gushyushya no gukonjesha ikibaho mu ziko ryagarutsweho gahoro, ibintu byo kunama amasahani hamwe nintambara birashobora kuba byinshi yagabanutse.Ariko, izindi ngaruka zishobora kubaho, nkumugurisha mugufi.
2. Ukoresheje urupapuro rurerure rwa Tg
Tg nubushyuhe bwikirahure, ni ukuvuga ubushyuhe ibintu bihinduka kuva mubirahuri bikagera kuri reberi.Hasi ya Tg agaciro yibikoresho, byihuse ikibaho gitangira koroshya nyuma yo kwinjira mu ziko ryerekana, kandi igihe bifata kugirango kibe reberi yoroshye Bizaba kandi birebire, kandi guhindura ikibaho birumvikana ko bikomeye. .Gukoresha urupapuro rwo hejuru rwa Tg birashobora kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana nihungabana no guhindura ibintu, ariko igiciro cyibintu bifitanye isano nacyo kiri hejuru.
3. Ongera ubunini bwikibaho cyumuzunguruko Kugirango ugere ku ntego yoroheje kandi yoroshye kubicuruzwa byinshi bya elegitoronike, ubunini bwikibaho bwasize 1.0mm, 0.8mm, cyangwa 0,6mm.Umubyimba nkuyu ugomba gutuma ikibaho kidahinduka nyuma y itanura ryerekana, mubyukuri biragoye.Birasabwa ko niba nta bisabwa kugirango urumuri nubunini, ubunini bwikibaho bugomba kuba 1,6mm, bushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kunama no guhindura imikorere. 4. Kugabanya ingano yikibaho cyumuzunguruko no kugabanya umubare wibisubizo Kubera ko amashyiga menshi agaruka akoresha iminyururu kugirango atware ikibaho cyumuzunguruko imbere, ubunini bunini bwumuzunguruko buzaterwa nuburemere bwacyo, dente na deformasiyo mu itanura ryerekana, gerageza rero ushire uruhande rurerure rwibibaho. nk'uruhande rw'inama.Ku ruhererekane rw'itanura ryerekana, kwiheba no guhindura ibintu biterwa n'uburemere bw'ikibaho cy'umuzunguruko birashobora kugabanuka.Kugabanuka kwumubare wibisobanuro nabyo bishingiye kuriyi mpamvu.Nukuvuga, mugihe unyuze mu itanura, gerageza ukoreshe impande zifunganye kugirango unyure icyerekezo cyitanura kure hashoboka.Ingano yo kwiheba. 5. Gukoresha itanura ryakoreshejwe Niba uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru bugoye kubigeraho, icya nyuma ni ugukoresha ibintu byerekana ibintu / kugabanya urugero rwo guhindura ibintu.Impamvu itwara umwikorezi / inyandikorugero irashobora kugabanya kugunama kw'isahani ni ukubera ko twizeye ko ari kwaguka k'ubushyuhe cyangwa kugabanuka gukonje.Inzira irashobora gufata ikibaho cyumuzunguruko hanyuma igategereza kugeza ubushyuhe bwikibaho cyumuzunguruko kiri munsi yagaciro ka Tg hanyuma ugatangira kongera gukomera, kandi birashobora no kugumana ubunini bwumwimerere. Niba pallet imwe imwe idashobora kugabanya ihinduka ryikibaho cyumuzunguruko, hagomba kongerwaho igifuniko kugirango uhambire ikibaho cyumuzingi hamwe na pallets yo hejuru no hepfo.Ibi birashobora kugabanya cyane ikibazo cyimiterere yumuzunguruko ukoresheje itanura ryerekana.Nyamara, iyi tray itanura ihenze cyane, kandi imirimo y'amaboko irasabwa gushyira no gutunganya inzira. 6. Koresha Router aho gukoresha V-Cut kugirango ukoreshe sub-board Kubera ko V-Cut izasenya imbaraga zuburyo bwikibaho hagati yimbaho zumuzunguruko, gerageza kudakoresha sub-board ya V-Cut cyangwa kugabanya ubujyakuzimu bwa V-Cut.
7. Ingingo eshatu zinyura mubishushanyo mbonera: A. Gahunda ya interlayer preregs igomba kuba ihuriweho, kurugero, kubibaho bitandatu, umubyimba uri hagati ya 1 ~ 2 na 5 ~ 6 numubare wabateguye ugomba kuba umwe, bitabaye ibyo byoroshye kurwana nyuma yo kumurika. B. Ibice byinshi byibanze hamwe na prepreg bigomba gukoresha ibicuruzwa bimwe bitanga isoko. C. Ubuso bwumuzenguruko wuruziga kuruhande A na kuruhande B rwurwego rwinyuma rugomba kuba hafi bishoboka.Niba uruhande A rufite umuringa munini, kandi B uruhande rufite imirongo mike, ubu bwoko bwibibaho byacapwe byoroshye nyuma yo gutobora.Niba ubuso bwimirongo kumpande zombi butandukanye cyane, urashobora kongeramo gride yigenga kuruhande ruto kugirango uburinganire. 8. Ubunini n'uburebure bwa prereg: Nyuma yo gutegurwa mbere, ibipimo byo kugabanuka no kugabanuka biratandukanye, kandi icyerekezo cyintambara nicyuma kigomba gutandukanywa mugihe cyo gupfunyika no kumurika.Bitabaye ibyo, biroroshye gutera ikibaho cyarangiye kurigata nyuma yo kumurika, kandi biragoye kubikosora kabone niyo igitutu cyashyirwa ku kibaho.Impamvu nyinshi zitera kurupapuro rwibibaho byinshi ni uko prereges itatandukanijwe mubyerekezo byintambara no kuboha mugihe cyo kumurika, kandi bigashyirwa muburyo butemewe. Uburyo bwo gutandukanya icyerekezo cyintambara nicyerekezo: icyerekezo cyo kuzunguruka cya prereg muri muzingo nicyerekezo cyintambara, mugihe ubugari bwerekezo nicyerekezo;kubibaho byumuringa wumuringa, uruhande rurerure nicyerekezo cya weft naho uruhande rugufi nicyerekezo cyintambara.Niba utabizi neza, nyamuneka hamagara uwabikoze cyangwa ikibazo cyabatanga. 9. Guteka ikibaho mbere yo gukata: Intego yo guteka ikibaho mbere yo guca umuringa wambaye umuringa (dogere selisiyusi 150, isaha 8 ± 2) ni ugukuraho ubuhehere buri mu kibaho, kandi icyarimwe bigatuma ibisigazwa biri mu kibaho bikomera rwose, kandi bikarushaho gukuraho guhangayika bisigaye mubibaho, bifite akamaro mukubuza ikibaho gutitira.Gufasha.Kugeza ubu, imbaho nyinshi zifite impande ebyiri kandi nyinshi ziracyubahiriza intambwe yo guteka mbere cyangwa nyuma yo gufunga.Ariko, hariho ibitemewe ku nganda zimwe.Kugeza ubu amabwiriza yo kumisha PCB yinganda zitandukanye za PCB nayo ntaho ahuriye, kuva kumasaha 4 kugeza 10.Birasabwa guhitamo ukurikije igipimo cyibibaho byacapwe byakozwe hamwe nibisabwa nabakiriya kuri warpage.Guteka nyuma yo gukata jigsaw cyangwa gupfundika nyuma yumutwe wose utetse.Ubwo buryo bwombi burashoboka.Birasabwa guteka ikibaho nyuma yo gukata.Ikibaho cy'imbere nacyo kigomba gutekwa ... 10. Usibye guhangayika nyuma yo gutwikwa: Nyuma yuko ikibaho cyibice byinshi bimaze gushyukwa no gukonjeshwa ubukonje, birasohoka, bigacibwa cyangwa bigasya kuri burr, hanyuma bigashyirwa neza mu ziko kuri dogere selisiyusi 150 mumasaha 4, kugirango impungenge zibaho buhoro buhoro kurekurwa kandi resin irakira rwose.Iyi ntambwe ntishobora kuvaho.
11. Isahani yoroheje igomba kugororwa mugihe amashanyarazi: Iyo ikibaho cya 0.4 ~ 0,6mm ultra-thin multilayeri ikoreshwa mugukoresha amashanyarazi hejuru no gushushanya amashanyarazi, hagomba gukorwa imizingo idasanzwe.Isahani yoroheje imaze gufatirwa kuri bisi iguruka kumurongo wogukoresha amashanyarazi, inkoni izenguruka ikoreshwa mugukata bisi yose iguruka.Ibizingo bifatanyirijwe hamwe kugirango bigorore amasahani yose kuri muzingo kugirango amasahani nyuma yo kuyashyiraho adahinduka.Hatabayeho iki gipimo, nyuma yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi yumuringa wa microne 20 kugeza 30, urupapuro ruzunama kandi biragoye kubikemura. 12. Gukonjesha ikibaho nyuma yubushyuhe bwikirere: Iyo ikibaho cyacapishijwe kiringaniye n'umuyaga ushushe, bigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo kwiyuhagira kugurisha (hafi dogere selisiyusi 250).Nyuma yo kuyikuramo, igomba gushyirwa kumurongo wa marimari cyangwa icyuma kugirango ikonje bisanzwe, hanyuma ikoherezwa mumashini itunganya nyuma yo gukora isuku.Nibyiza mukurinda page yintambara.Mu nganda zimwe na zimwe, kugirango hongerwe urumuri hejuru ya tin-tin, imbaho zishyirwa mumazi akonje ako kanya umwuka ushyushye uringaniye, hanyuma ugakuramo nyuma yamasegonda make kugirango nyuma yo gutunganywa.Ubu bwoko bwubushyuhe nubukonje bushobora gutera kurwara ubwoko bumwe bwibibaho.Yahinduwe, atondekanye cyangwa ahindagurika.Byongeye kandi, igitanda cyo guhumeka ikirere gishobora gushyirwa mubikoresho byo gukonjesha. 13. Kuvura ikibaho cyangiritse: Mu ruganda ruyobowe neza, ikibaho cyacapwe kizagenzurwa 100% mugihe cyo kugenzura kwa nyuma.Ibibaho byose bitujuje ibyangombwa bizatorwa, bishyirwe mu ziko, biteke kuri dogere selisiyusi 150 munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi mumasaha 3-6, hanyuma bikonje bisanzwe mubitutu byinshi.Noneho ukureho igitutu cyo gukuramo ikibaho, hanyuma urebe neza, kugirango igice cyibibaho gishobore gukizwa, kandi imbaho zimwe zigomba gutekwa hanyuma zigakanda inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu mbere yuko ziringanizwa.Niba ingamba zavuzwe haruguru zo kurwanya intambara zidashyizwe mu bikorwa, zimwe mu mbaho zizaba ntacyo zimaze kandi zishobora gukurwaho gusa.
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