Mu kwambika umuringa, kugirango tugere ku ngaruka zifuzwa zo gupfunyika umuringa, dukeneye kwita kuri ibyo bibazo: 1. Niba hari impamvu nyinshi kuri PCB, nka SGND, AGND, GND, nibindi, ukurikije imyanya itandukanye yubuso bwa PCB, "ubutaka" bwingenzi bukoreshwa nkibisobanuro byigenga bitwikiriye umuringa, ubutaka bwa digitale n'ubutaka.Nta byinshi byo kuvuga kubijyanye no gutwikira umuringa ukwe.Muri icyo gihe, mbere yo gutwikira umuringa, imirongo ijyanye no gutanga amashanyarazi yabanje kwiyongera: 5.0V, 3.3V, nibindi. Muri ubu buryo, hashyizweho imiterere myinshi ihindagurika yuburyo butandukanye.
Ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose, nyamuneka RFQ, hano
2. Kuburyo bumwe bwo guhuza impamvu zitandukanye, uburyo nuguhuza binyuze muri 0 ohm irwanya cyangwa amasaro ya magneti cyangwa inductance. 3. Umuringa wambitswe hafi ya oscillator ya kristu.Oscillator ya kristu mu muzunguruko ni isoko yohereza imyuka myinshi.Uburyo nugukata umuringa uzengurutse oscillator ya kristu, hanyuma ugahina igishishwa cya kristu oscillator ukwayo. 4. Ikibazo cyizinga (zone yapfuye), niba utekereza ko ari kinini cyane, ntabwo bizatwara amafaranga menshi kugirango usobanure ubutaka unyuze kandi wongereho. 5. Mugutangira insinga, insinga zubutaka zigomba gufatwa kimwe, kandi insinga zubutaka zigomba kugenda neza mugihe zigenda.Ntushobora kwishingikiriza kongeramo vias nyuma yumuringa kugirango ukureho pin hasi kugirango uhuze.Ingaruka ni mbi cyane. 6. Nibyiza kutagira inguni zikarishye kurubaho ( 7. Ntugasuke umuringa ahantu hafunguye insinga mugice cyo hagati cyibibaho byinshi.Kuberako biragoye cyane gukora uyu muringa gusuka "ubutaka bwiza". 8. Ibyuma biri mu gikoresho, nk'icyuma gishyushya ibyuma, ibyuma bishimangira ibyuma, n'ibindi, bigomba "kuba byiza". 9. Ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ibyuma bya terefegitura ya terefegitatu itatu bigomba kuba bihagaze neza.Umukandara wo kwigunga wubutaka hafi ya oscillator ya kristu igomba kuba ihagaze neza.Mu ijambo: niba umuringa wambaye kuri PCB ukemuwe neza, byanze bikunze "ibyiza biruta ibibi".Irashobora kugabanya agace kagaruka kumurongo wikimenyetso no kugabanya amashanyarazi ya electronique ya signal hanze.
Menya byinshi kuri twe, kanda hano .
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