RF PCB Board dhizaini yekudzikisa zvikwangwani zvenhema inoda hunyanzvi hweRF mainjiniya.Kuchengeta iyi mitemo misere mupfungwa hazvingobatsiri kukurumidza nguva-ku-musika, asiwo kuwedzera kufungidzirwa kwepurogiramu yako yebasa.


Mutemo 1: Ground vias inofanira kunge iri pane yepasi referensi plane switch
Ese macurrents arikuyerera nemuraini akafambiswa ane kudzoka kwakaenzana.Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekubatanidza, asi kuyerera kwekudzoka kunowanzo kuyerera kuburikidza nendege dzepasi dziri pedyo kana nzvimbo dzakaiswa mukuenderana nemitsara yezviratidzo.Sezvo iyo referensi layer inoenderera mberi, kubatanidza kwese kunogumira kumutsetse wekutumira uye zvese zvinoshanda zvakakwana.Nekudaro, kana chiratidzo chechiratidzo chikachinjirwa kubva kumusoro kusvika kune yemukati kana pasi pasi, kuyerera kwekudzoka kunofanirwawo kuwana nzira.


Mufananidzo 1 muenzaniso.Pakarepo pazasi-yepamusoro-yepamusoro-yechiratidzo mutsara mutsara wazvino ndiko kuyerera kwekudzoka.Painotamira kune yakadzika pasi, iyo inoyerera inopinda kuburikidza nepedyo vias.Nekudaro, kana pasina vias yekuyerera padhuze, iyo reflow inopinda nepakati iri pedyo inowanikwa pasi kuburikidza.Marefu madaro anogadzira zvishwe zvazvino, achigadzira inductors.Kana iyi nzira isingadikanwi yezvino nzira yekubvisa ikaitika kuti iyambuke imwe mutsara, kukanganisa kunenge kwakanyanya.Ichi chazvino loop chakanyatso kuenzana nekugadzira antenna!

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Mufananidzo 1: Chiratidzo chemazuva ano chinoyerera kubva pamapini emudziyo kuburikidza ne vias kusvika kuzasi.Iyo reflow iri pasi pechiratidzo isati yamanikidzwa kuenda kune iri pedyo kuburikidza nekuchinja kune yakasiyana referensi layer

Ground referencing ndiyo yakanakisa zano, asi mitsara yekumhanya-mhanya dzimwe nguva inogona kuiswa pamatanho emukati.Kuisa ndege dzepasi pamusoro nepamusoro kwakaoma kwazvo, uye vagadziri ve semiconductor vanogona kunge vakapinirwa uye vanoisa tambo dzemagetsi padivi pemitsetse inomhanya.Kana iyo referensi yazvino ichida kuchinjirwa pakati pematanho kana mambure asina DC akabatanidzwa, decoupling capacitors inofanira kuiswa padivi peiyo switch point.



Mutemo wechi2: Batanidza pedhi yemudziyo kumusoro wepasi
Midziyo mizhinji inoshandisa thermal ground pad pazasi pechishandiso package.Pamidziyo yeRF, idzi dzinowanzova nzvimbo dzemagetsi, uye padhuze pedhi mapoinzi ane ndandanda yepasi vias.Iyo pedhi yemidziyo inogona kubatanidzwa zvakananga kune pini yepasi uye yakabatana kune chero mhangura inodururwa kuburikidza nepamusoro pedenga pasi.Kana paine nzira dzakawanda, kuyerera kwekudzoka kunopatsanurwa zvakaenzana kune nzira impedance.Iyo yepasi yekubatanidza kuburikidza nepedhi ine ipfupi uye yakaderera impedance nzira pane yepini pasi.


Kubatana kwakanaka kwemagetsi pakati pebhodhi nemapedhi emudziyo kwakakosha.Panguva yegungano, vias isina kuzadzwa mubhodhi redunhu kuburikidza nearray inogonawo kutora solder paste kubva mumudziyo, ichisiya voids.Kuzadza nemakomba inzira yakanaka yekuchengeta soldering iri panzvimbo.Panguva yekuongorora, zvakare vhura iyo solder mask layer kuti uone kuti hapana solder mask pabhodhi pasi pazasi pechishandiso, sezvo solder mask inogona kusimudza mudziyo kana kuita kuti izununguke.

Mutemo 3: Hapana Reference Layer Gap

Kune vias pese pese mudziyo weperimeter.Mambure emagetsi akaputswa kuti adzorerwe emunharaunda uye adzika kune ndege yemagetsi, kazhinji achipa akawanda vias kuti aderedze inductance uye kuvandudza ikozvino-inotakura kugona, nepo bhazi rekutonga rinogona kudzika kune yemukati ndege.Kuora kwese uku kunoguma kwave kusungirirwa zvizere pedyo nemudziyo.


Imwe neimwe yeiyi vias inogadzira nzvimbo yekusarudzika pane yemukati pasi ndege iyo yakakura kudarika dhayamita yeVia pachayo, ichipa kugadzirwa kwemvumo.Idzi nzvimbo dzekusarudzika dzinogona kukonzera kukanganisa munzira yekudzoka.Kuwedzera kuomesa mamiriro acho inyaya yekuti dzimwe vias dziri pedyo nemumwe uye dzinogadzira migero yendege yepasi iyo isingaonekwe kune yepamusoro-pamwero weCAD maonero.Figure 2. Ground ndege voids maviri simba ndege vias anogona kusika anopindirana kuchengeta kunze nzvimbo uye kusika kukanganisa pamusoro kudzoka nzira.Iyo reflow inogona chete kutsauswa kuti ipfuure nzvimbo yakarambidzwa yendege yepasi, zvichikonzera dambudziko rakajairika rekuburitsa induction nzira.

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Mufananidzo 2: Nzvimbo dzekuchengeta-kunze kwendege dzepasi dzakatenderedza vias dzinogona kupindirana, dzichimanikidza kudzoka kuyerera kubva munzira yechiratidzo.Kunyangwe pasina kupindirana, nzvimbo yekusaenda inogadzira kusamira kwegonzo-kuruma mundege yepasi.

Kunyange "hushamwari" pasi vias kuunza yakabatana simbi Mapedhi kune shoma zviyero zvinodiwa ne rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi kugadzira process.Padhuze nepadhuze netwunocherekedza twunoona kukukurwa kwevhu sekunge nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro yarumwa negonzo.Mufananidzo 2 dhayagiramu yakarongwa yekurumwa nemakonzo.


Sezvo nzvimbo yekusarudzika ichingogadzirwa neCAD software, uye vias inowanzoshandiswa pane system board, pachange paine nguva zhinji yekukanganisa nzira yekudzoka panguva yekutanga marongerwo maitiro.Tevedzera mutsara wega wega-wepamusoro-soro panguva yekuongororwa kwemagadzirirwo uye tarisa yakabatana reflow layers kudzivirira kukanganisa.Ipfungwa yakanaka kuisa vias zvose zvinogona kusika pasi ndege kukanganiswa chero nzvimbo pedyo nechepamusoro-pamwero pasi void.

Mutemo wechina: Chengeta Mitsara Yakasiyana Yakasiyana
Nzira yekudzoka yakakosha pakuita chiratidzo chemutsara uye inofanirwa kutariswa sechikamu chenzira yechiratidzo.Panguva imwecheteyo, mapeya akasiyana kazhinji haana kubatanidzwa zvakasimba, uye kuyerera kwekudzoka kunogona kuyerera kuburikidza nezvikamu zviri pedyo.Zvose zvinodzoka zvinofanira kufambiswa nenzira dzakaenzana dzemagetsi.


Kuswedera uye kugovera zvipingamupinyi zvekugadzira zvinochengetedza kuyerera kwekudzoka pachikamu chimwe chete kunyange kana mitsetse miviri yevaviri vakasiyana isina kunyatsobatanidzwa.Kuti unyatsochengeta zvikwangwani zvenhema zvakaderera, kuenzanisa kuri nani kunodiwa.Chero zvimiro zvakarongwa zvakaita sekucheka kwendege dzepasi pasi pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvinofanirwa kunge zvakaenzana.Saizvozvo, kureba kwekufananidza kunogona kuunza matambudziko ne squiggles mumasaini echiratidzo.Reflow haikonzeri matambudziko ewavy.Kureba kwekuenzanisa kwemutsara mumwe wekusiyanisa kunofanira kuratidzwa mune imwe mitsetse yakasiyana.

Mutemo wechishanu: Hapana wachi kana mitsara yekudzora padyo neRF chiratidzo mitsetse
Wachi uye mitsetse yekudzora dzimwe nguva inogona kuonekwa sevavakidzani vasina kukosha nekuti vanoshanda nekumhanya kwakaderera, kunyangwe pedyo neDC.Nekudaro, maitiro ayo ekuchinja anenge masikweya wave, achigadzira akasiyana toni pazvisinganzwisisike harmonic frequency.Iyo yakakosha frequency yesquare wave yekuburitsa simba haina basa, asi inopinza mipendero inogona.Mudhijitari system dhizaini, iyo frequency yekona inogona kufungidzira iyo yepamusoro frequency harmonic inofanirwa kutariswa.Nzira yekuverenga ndeye: Fknee=0.5/Tr, uko Tr ndiyo nguva yekusimuka.Ziva kuti inguva yekusimuka, kwete iyo frequency yechiratidzo.Nekudaro, yakapinza-yakaganhurwa mativi mafungu anewo akasimba epamusoro-kurongeka odd harmonics ayo anogona kungodonha panguva isiriyo frequency uye vaviri vachipinda mumutsara weRF, kutyora zvakaomesesa kutapurirana mask zvinodiwa.


Wachi uye mitsara yekudzora inofanirwa kuparadzaniswa kubva kuRF chiratidzo mitsara nendege yemukati yepasi kana yepamusoro-level yevhu yekudira.Kana kuparadzaniswa kwepasi kusingagone kushandiswa, maronda anofanira kufambiswa kuitira kuti ayambuke pamakona chaiwo.Nekuda kwekuti mitsara yemagineti inobuda newachi kana mitsetse yekudzora inoumba mitsara inopenya yakatenderedza mitsetse yemitsara inopindira, haizoburitse mafungu mumitsara yekugamuchira.Kuderedza nguva yekusimuka hakungodzikisi nguva yekona asiwo kunobatsira kuderedza kupindira kubva kune vanovhiringidza, asi wachi kana mitsara yekudzora inogonawo kuita semitsetse yekugamuchira.Mutsetse wekugamuchira uchiri kushanda senzira yekunyepedzera masaini mumudziyo.

Mutemo wechitanhatu: Shandisa pasi kuparadzanisa mitsetse inomhanya
Microstrips uye mitsetse inobatanidzwa zvakanyanya kune dziri padyo nendege dzepasi.Mimwe mitsetse inoyerera ichiri kubuda yakachinjika uye inomisa maronda ari pedyo.Inzwi pamutsara wekumhanya-mhanya kana maviri akasiyana anogumira pane inotevera tsvakiridzo, asi kunyura kwepasi pachiratidzo chechiratidzo kunogadzira yakaderera impedance yekumisa nzvimbo yemutsetse wekuyerera, ichisunungura matani ari padyo kubva kumatoni.

Masumbu ezvironda zvinofambiswa newachi yekugovera kana kuti synthesizer mudziyo kutakura ma frequency akafanana anogona kufamba ari padivi pemumwe nekuti toni yekukanganisa yatovepo pamutsetse wekugamuchira.Zvisinei, mitsetse yakarongwa inozopedzisira yapararira.Pakuparadzira, mafashama epasi anofanira kupihwa pakati pemitsara yekuparadzira uye vias paanotanga kupararira kuitira kuti kudzoka kunokonzeresa kuyerera kumashure nenzira yezita rekudzoka.Mumufananidzo 3, vias kumagumo ezvitsuwa zvepasi inobvumira iyo induced ikozvino kuyerera ichipinda mundege yereferensi.The spacing pakati dzimwe vias pasi perfusion haifaniri kudarika chimwe chegumi wavelength kuona kuti pasi haana kuva resonant chimiro.

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Mufananidzo 3: Yepamusoro-pamwero wepasi vias uko mavara akasiyana akapararira anopa nzira dzekuyerera dzekudzoka kuyerera.

Mutemo wechinomwe: Usafambisa mitsara yeRF pane dzine ruzha ndege dzemagetsi
Inzwi rinopinda mundege yemagetsi uye inopararira kwese kwese.Kana toni dzenhema dzichipinda magetsi, mabuffers, mixers, attenuators, uye oscillator, vanogona kuenzanisa frequency inopindira.Saizvozvo, kana simba rasvika pabhodhi, harisati rabviswa zvachose kutyaira iyo RF wedunhu.Kuratidzwa kwemitsara yeRF kundege dzemagetsi, kunyanya ndege dzemagetsi dzisina kusefa, dzinofanirwa kudzikiswa.


Ndege hombe dzemagetsi dziri padhuze nepasi dzinogadzira emhando yepamusoro akamisikidzwa macapacitor anodzikamisa masaini eparasitic uye anoshandiswa mumadhijitari ekutaurirana masisitimu uye mamwe masisitimu eRF.Imwe nzira ndeye kushandisa ndege dzakadzikiswa dzemagetsi, dzimwe nguva dzakaita semafuta anoteedzera pane akaturikidzana, kuitira kuti zvive nyore kumitsara yeRF kudzivirira ndege dzemagetsi zvachose.Maitiro ese ari maviri anogoneka, asi akanyanya hunhu hweaviri haafanire kusanganiswa, iko kushandisa diki ndege yemagetsi uye kufambisa mitsara yeRF pamusoro.

Mutemo wechisere: Ramba uchibatanidza pedyo nemudziyo
Haisi kungoita kuti kubatanidza kunobatsira kuchengetedza ruzha rwekunyepedzera kubva muchishandiso, zvinobatsirawo kubvisa ma toni anogadzirwa mukati memudziyo kubva pakubatana mundege dzemagetsi.Iyo inoswedera pedyo ne-decoupling capacitors iri kumatunhu ekushanda, iyo inowedzera kushanda.Decoupling yemunharaunda haina kukanganiswa neparasitic impedances yedunhu bhodhi traces, uye mapfupi anoteedzera anotsigira madiki antennas, kuderedza kusingadiwi kuburitsa tonal.Capacitor placement inosanganisa iyo yepamusoro-yega-resonant frequency, kazhinji iyo diki kukosha, diki kesi saizi, padyo nemudziyo, uye yakakura iyo capacitor, iri kure kure nemudziyo.PaRF frequency, iwo macapacitor ari kuseri kwebhodhi anogadzira parasitic inductances yenzira yetambo-kune-pasi nzira, ichirasikirwa yakawanda yeruzha runobatsira.

Pfupisa
Nekuongorora dhizaini yebhodhi, tinogona kuwana zvimiro zvinogona kutamisa kana kugamuchira manyepo eRF tones.Tevedzera mutsara wega wega, uchiziva nzira yekudzoka kwayo, ita shuwa kuti inogona kuenderana nemutsara, uye kunyanya tarisisa shanduko.Zvakare, tsaura zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kubva kune anogamuchira.Kutevera mimwe mitemo yakapfava uye inonzwisisika yekudzikisa masaini ekunyepa kunogona kukurumidzira kuburitswa kwechigadzirwa uye kuderedza mutengo wekubvisa.