Ubuyobozi bwa RF PCB imiterere yo kugabanya ibimenyetso simusiga bisaba guhanga kwa injeniyeri wa RF.Kuzirikana aya mategeko umunani ntibizafasha gusa kwihuta-ku-masoko, ariko kandi bizongera ibiteganijwe kuri gahunda yawe y'akazi.


Ingingo ya 1: Viasi yubutaka igomba kuba iri kumurongo windege
Inzira zose zinyura mumurongo unyuze zigaruka zingana.Hariho ingamba nyinshi zo guhuza, ariko kugaruka gutemba mubisanzwe binyura mu ndege zubutaka zegeranye cyangwa ikibanza gishyizwe hamwe nu murongo wibimenyetso.Nkuko ibyerekezo bikomeza, guhuza byose bigarukira kumurongo wohereza kandi ibintu byose bikora neza.Ariko, niba ibimenyetso byerekana inzira byahinduwe kuva murwego rwo hejuru kugeza imbere cyangwa hasi, kugaruka bigomba nanone kubona inzira.


Igishushanyo 1 ni urugero.Ako kanya munsi yurwego rwohejuru rwumurongo wumurongo ni kugaruka gutemba.Iyo yimukiye kumurongo wo hasi, kugaruka kunyura hafi ya vias.Ariko, niba nta vias yo kugaruka hafi, kugaruka kunyura mubutaka bwegereye buboneka binyuze.Intera nini irema ibizunguruka, ikora inductors.Niba iyi nzira idakenewe inzira offset ibaye kurenga undi murongo, kwivanga bizaba bikomeye.Uyu muzingo uriho mubyukuri uhwanye no gukora antene!

Amategeko umunani agufasha kugabanya parasitike ya RF PCB

Igishushanyo 1: Ikimenyetso kigezweho kiva mumashini y'ibikoresho binyuze muri vias kugera kumurongo wo hasi.Kugarura biri munsi yikimenyetso mbere yo guhatirwa hafi binyuze kugirango uhindure urwego rutandukanye

Impamvu zifatika nuburyo bwiza, ariko imirongo yihuta irashobora gushyirwa kumurongo wimbere.Gushyira hasi indege yerekanwe hejuru no hepfo biragoye cyane, kandi abakora semiconductor barashobora kuba pin-bagashyira imirongo yamashanyarazi kuruhande rwumurongo wihuse.Niba ibyerekezo bikeneye guhindurwa hagati yurwego cyangwa inshundura zidahujwe na DC, ubushobozi bwa decoupling bugomba gushyirwa kuruhande rwa point point.



Ingingo ya 2: Huza igikoresho cyibikoresho hejuru yubutaka
Ibikoresho byinshi bikoresha ubushyuhe bwumuriro munsi yububiko bwibikoresho.Ku bikoresho bya RF, mubisanzwe ni amashanyarazi, kandi ingingo zegeranye zifite umurongo wubutaka butandukanye.Igikoresho cyibikoresho gishobora guhuzwa neza na pin hasi hanyuma igahuzwa n'umuringa uwo ari wo wose usuka mu butaka bwo hejuru.Niba hari inzira nyinshi, kugaruka gutemba bigabanijwe ugereranije n'inzira inzitizi.Ihuza ryubutaka rinyuze kuri padi rifite inzira ngufi kandi yo hepfo yinzitizi kuruta pin.


Ihuza ryiza ryamashanyarazi hagati yikibaho nudupapuro twibikoresho birakomeye.Mugihe cyo guterana, vias itujujwe mukibaho cyumuzunguruko ukoresheje umurongo urashobora kandi gukuramo paste yo kugurisha mubikoresho, hasigara ubusa.Kuzuza ibyobo ninzira nziza yo gukomeza kugurisha ahantu.Mugihe cyo gusuzuma, fungura kandi urwego rwabigurisha kugirango umenye neza ko nta masike yagurishijwe ku kibaho kiri munsi yicyo gikoresho, kuko masike yagurishije ishobora kuzamura igikoresho cyangwa igatera guhinda umushyitsi.

Ingingo ya 3: Nta cyuho cyerekana

Hano hari vias hirya no hino igikoresho.Urushundura rw'amashanyarazi rwacitse kugirango rusohokane hanyuma rumanuke rugana ku ndege y'amashanyarazi, akenshi rutanga ibice byinshi kugirango bigabanye inductance no kuzamura ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu, mugihe bisi yo kugenzura ishobora kumanuka ikagera mu ndege y'imbere.Ibi byose byangirika birangira byuzuye hafi yigikoresho.


Buri kimwe muri ibyo binyabuzima gishyiraho akarere ko guhezwa ku ndege y'imbere nini kuruta diameter ya nyirayo ubwayo, itanga ibicuruzwa byemewe.Uturere twahezwa dushobora gutera byoroshye inzira yo kugaruka.Ikindi kigoye ibintu ni uko vias zimwe zegeranye kandi zigakora imyobo yindege yubutaka itagaragara kurwego rwo hejuru rwa CAD.Igicapo 2. Indege yubusa kubutaka bubiri bwindege zirashobora gukora kurenga kurinda uturere no gutera intambamyi munzira yo kugaruka.Kugarura birashobora kwerekanwa gusa kugirango wirengagize agace kabujijwe kwindege yubutaka, bikavamo ikibazo rusange cyo kwinjiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Amategeko umunani agufasha kugabanya parasitike ya RF PCB

Igishushanyo 2: Ibice byo kubika indege zubutaka bikikije vias birashobora guhuzagurika, bigatuma kugaruka gutembera kure yinzira yerekana ibimenyetso.Niyo hatabaho guhuzagurika, akarere katagenze gatera imbeba-kuruma inzitizi yo guhagarara mu ndege y'ubutaka

Ndetse "urugwiro" rwubutaka ruzana ibyuma bifitanye isano nibipimo byibuze bisabwa na icapiro ryumuzunguruko inzira.Vias hafi yikimenyetso cyerekana ibimenyetso bishobora gutwarwa nisuri nkaho hejuru yubutaka bwo hejuru bwarumwe nimbeba.Igishushanyo cya 2 ni igishushanyo mbonera cyo kurumwa n'imbeba.


Kubera ko akarere ko guhezwa gahita gatangwa na software ya CAD, kandi vias zikoreshwa kenshi kurubaho rwa sisitemu, hazajya habaho inzira zimwe zo kugaruka mugihe cyo gutangira hakiri kare.Kurikirana buri murongo wihuta cyane mugihe cyo gusuzuma imiterere hanyuma urebe ibice bifitanye isano kugirango wirinde guhagarika.Nibyiza ko dushyira vias zose zishobora gutera indege yubutaka ahantu hose hafi yubutaka bwo hejuru.

Ingingo ya 4: Komeza imirongo itandukanye
Inzira yo kugaruka ningirakamaro kugirango yerekane umurongo imikorere kandi igomba gufatwa nkigice cyinzira yerekana.Mugihe kimwe, ibice bibiri bitandukanye ntibisanzwe bifatanye, kandi kugaruka gutemba bishobora gutembera mubice byegeranye.Garuka zombi zigomba kunyuzwa mumashanyarazi angana.


Kwegera no kugabana imbogamizi zishushanya zituma kugaruka gutemba kumurongo umwe nubwo imirongo ibiri yubudasa butandukanye idahujwe neza.Kugirango rwose ugumane ibimenyetso bidahwitse, birasabwa guhuza neza.Inzira zose ziteganijwe nkibice byindege zubutaka munsi yibice bitandukanye bigomba kuba bihuye.Muri ubwo buryo ,, guhuza uburebure birashobora gutera ibibazo hamwe no guswera mubimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso.Kugarura ntabwo bitera ibibazo byumuvurungano.Uburebure buhuye bwumurongo umwe utandukanye bugomba kugaragara mubindi bice bitandukanye.

Ingingo ya 5: Nta saha cyangwa kugenzura hafi yumurongo wa signal ya RF
Imirongo yo kugenzura no kugenzura irashobora rimwe na rimwe kugaragara nkabaturanyi badafite agaciro kuko bakora ku muvuduko muke, ndetse hafi ya DC.Nyamara, ibiranga guhinduranya ni hafi ya kwadarato, itanga amajwi yihariye kumurongo udasanzwe.Inshuro yibanze yingufu za kwaduka zingana ntacyo bitwaye, ariko impande zayo zirashobora.Muburyo bwa sisitemu yububiko, inshuro zinguni zishobora kugereranya inshuro ndende ihuza igomba kwitabwaho.Uburyo bwo kubara ni: Fknee = 0.5 / Tr, aho Tr nigihe cyo kuzamuka.Menya ko arigihe cyo kuzamuka, ntabwo ari ibimenyetso byinshyi.Nyamara, impande enye zingana zingana nazo zifite imbaraga zo murwego rwohejuru zidasanzwe zishobora kugabanuka gusa kumurongo utari wo hamwe nabashakanye kumurongo wa RF, kurenga kubisabwa byoherejwe na mask.


Imirongo yisaha nigenzura bigomba gutandukanywa numurongo wibimenyetso bya RF nindege yimbere cyangwa hasi-isuka hasi.Niba kwigunga kubutaka bidashobora gukoreshwa, inzira zigomba kunyuzwa kugirango zambuke kuruhande.Kuberako imirongo ya magnetiki flux itangwa nisaha cyangwa imirongo yo kugenzura bizakora imirasire yinkingi ikikije imirongo yumurongo utambamiye, ntabwo izabyara imirongo mumirongo yakira.Gutinda igihe cyo kuzamuka ntabwo bigabanya inshuro zinguni gusa ahubwo bifasha no kugabanya kwivanga kubabangamiye, ariko isaha cyangwa imirongo yo kugenzura birashobora gukora nkimirongo yakira.Umurongo wakira uracyakora nkumuyoboro wibimenyetso bidasanzwe mubikoresho.

Ingingo ya 6: Koresha ubutaka kugirango utandukanye imirongo yihuta
Microstrips na striplines ahanini bihujwe nindege zubutaka zegeranye.Imirongo imwe ya flux iracyavamo itambitse kandi ikarangiza ibimenyetso byegeranye.Ijwi kumurongo umwe wihuta cyangwa itandukanyirizo ryombi rirangirira kumurongo ukurikira, ariko guhumeka kubutaka kumurongo wikimenyetso bituma habaho impagarike yo hasi yo guhagarika umurongo wa flux, ikuraho ibimenyetso byegeranye na tone.

Ihuriro ryibisobanuro byayobowe nisaranganya ryisaha cyangwa ibikoresho bya synthesizer kugirango bitware inshuro imwe birashobora kwiruka kuruhande rumwe kuko ijwi ryivanga rimaze kuboneka kumurongo wakira.Ariko, imirongo yashyizwe hamwe amaherezo izakwirakwira.Iyo gutatana, umwuzure wubutaka ugomba gutangwa hagati yumurongo utatanye na vias aho utangiye gutatana kugirango kugaruka guterwa gusubira inyuma munzira yo kugaruka.Mu gishushanyo cya 3, vias kumpera yizinga ryubutaka ryemerera umuyaga uterwa gutembera hejuru yindege.Umwanya uri hagati yizindi vias kumataka ntugomba kurenza kimwe cya cumi cyuburebure bwumuraba kugirango isi idahinduka imiterere yumvikana.

Amategeko umunani agufasha kugabanya RF Inzira ya PCB

Igishushanyo 3: Urwego rwo hejuru rwubutaka aho inzira zitandukanye zinyanyagiye zitanga inzira zitemba zo kugaruka

Ingingo ya 7: Ntukajye ku murongo wa RF ku ndege zifite urusaku
Ijwi ryinjira mu ndege kandi rikwira hose.Niba amajwi adasanzwe yinjira mumashanyarazi, buffers, kuvanga, attenuator, na oscillator, birashobora guhindura inshuro zibangamira.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, iyo imbaraga zigeze ku kibaho, ntizaba zuzuye ubusa kugirango zitware umuziki wa RF.Kugaragaza imirongo ya RF ku ndege z'amashanyarazi, cyane cyane indege z'amashanyarazi zidafite amashanyarazi, bigomba kugabanywa.


Indege nini z'amashanyarazi zegeranye nubutaka zirema ubushobozi bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru bwinjizwamo ubushobozi bwerekana ibimenyetso bya parasitike kandi bikoreshwa muri sisitemu yitumanaho rya sisitemu na sisitemu zimwe na zimwe za RF.Ubundi buryo ni ugukoresha indege zidafite ingufu, rimwe na rimwe zikaba zimeze nk'ibinure kurusha ibice, ku buryo byoroshye imirongo ya RF kwirinda indege z'amashanyarazi burundu.Inzira zombi zirashoboka, ariko ibintu bibi biranga byombi ntibigomba guhuzwa, aribyo gukoresha indege ntoya kandi ikanyuza imirongo ya RF hejuru.

Ingingo ya 8: Komeza gukuramo hafi igikoresho
Ntabwo gukuramo gusa bifasha kurinda urusaku rudasanzwe kubikoresho, binafasha gukuraho amajwi yatanzwe imbere yigikoresho kugirango adahurira ku ndege zamashanyarazi.Kwegera ubushobozi bwa decoupling ni hafi yumuzunguruko ukora, niko gukora neza.Gusohora kwaho ntibibangamiwe cyane na parasitike yimbogamizi zumuzunguruko wumuzunguruko, kandi ibimenyetso bigufi bishyigikira antenne ntoya, bikagabanya imyuka yangiza itifuzwa.Gushyira ubushobozi bwa capacitori bihuza inshuro nyinshi zo kwisubiramo inshuro nyinshi, mubisanzwe agaciro gake, ingano ntoya, yegereye igikoresho, kandi nini nini ya capacitor, kure yikintu.Kuri radiyo ya RF, ubushobozi bwa capacitori yinyuma yibibaho birema parasitike yindobanure zinyuze mumurongo-ku-butaka, gutakaza inyungu nyinshi zo gutegera urusaku.

Vuga muri make
Mugusuzuma imiterere yubuyobozi, dushobora kuvumbura imiterere ishobora kohereza cyangwa kwakira amajwi ya RF.Kurikirana buri murongo, umenye neza inzira igaruka, urebe neza ko ishobora gukora ibangikanye n'umurongo, kandi cyane cyane ugenzure neza inzibacyuho.Kandi, tandukanya inkomoko ishobora guterwa nuwakiriye.Gukurikiza amategeko yoroheje kandi yimbitse kugirango ugabanye ibimenyetso simusiga birashobora kwihutisha gusohora ibicuruzwa no kugabanya ibiciro byo gukuramo.