Umuntu wese ubifitemo uruhare mu kibaho cyacapwe ( PCB ) inganda zumva ko PCB zifite umuringa urangirira hejuru yazo.Nibasigara badakingiwe noneho umuringa uzahinduka okiside kandi wangirika, bigatuma ikibaho cyumuzunguruko kidakoreshwa.Ubuso bwo kurangiza bugira intera ikomeye hagati yibigize na PCB.Kurangiza bifite imirimo ibiri yingenzi, kurinda umuzunguruko wumuringa wagaragaye no gutanga ubuso bugurishwa mugihe cyo guteranya (kugurisha) ibice kubibaho byacapwe.

HASL / Kuyobora Ubuntu HASL

HASL niyo yiganjemo ubuso burangije gukoreshwa mu nganda.Inzira igizwe no kwibiza imbaho ​​zumuzunguruko mumasafuriya yashongeshejwe ya tin / gurşide hanyuma ukuraho uwagurishije cyane ukoresheje 'ibyuma byo mu kirere', bihuha umwuka ushushe hejuru yubuyobozi.

Imwe mu nyungu zitateganijwe muri gahunda ya HASL ni uko izashyira PCB ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 265 ° C bizagaragaza ibibazo byose bishobora guterwa mbere yuko ibice byose bihenze bifatanyirizwa ku kibaho.

HASL Yarangije Impande ebyiri Yacapwe Inama Yumuzingi

Ibyiza:

• Igiciro gito
• Birashoboka cyane
• Ongera ukore
• Ubuzima bwiza bwa Shelf

Ibibi:

• Ubuso butaringaniye
• Ntabwo ari byiza kubibanza byiza
• Harimo Isasu (HASL)
• Ubushuhe
• Ikiraro cya Solder
• Gucomeka cyangwa Kugabanuka kwa PTH (Bishyizwe mu mwobo)

Amabati

Nk’uko IPC ibivuga, Ishyirahamwe rihuza inganda za elegitoroniki, Immersion Tin (ISn) ni icyuma cyashyizwe mu cyuma cyimurwa gikoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye ku cyuma cy’ibanze cy’umuzunguruko, ni ukuvuga umuringa.ISn irinda umuringa uri munsi ya okiside hejuru yubuzima bwateganijwe.

Umuringa n'amabati ariko bifite isano ikomeye kuri mugenzi we.Ikwirakwizwa ry'icyuma mu kindi kizabaho byanze bikunze, bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kubaho igihe cyo kubitsa no gukora fi nish.Ingaruka mbi ziterwa na tin whiskers zasobanuwe neza mubuvanganzo bujyanye ninganda hamwe ninsanganyamatsiko zimpapuro nyinshi zasohotse.

Ibyiza:

• Ubuso bwa Flat
• Nta Pb
• Ongera ukore
• Guhitamo Hejuru Kuri Kanda Byuzuye Pin

Ibibi:

• Biroroshye Gutera Ibyangiritse
• Inzira Ikoresha Kanseri (Thiourea)
• Amabati yerekanwe kumateraniro yanyuma arashobora gukosora
• Amabati
• Ntabwo ari byiza kubwinshi bwo Kugarura / Gahunda yinteko
• Biragoye gupima Ubunini

Kwibiza Ifeza

Ifeza ya Immersion ni imiti idafite amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mugushira umuringa PCB mumatara ya ion ya silver.Nibyiza guhitamo kurangiza kubibaho byumuzunguruko hamwe na EMI ingabo ikingira kandi ikoreshwa no guhuza dome no guhuza insinga.Impuzandengo yubuso bwa feza ni microches 5-18.

Hamwe nibidukikije bigezweho nka RoHS na WEE, ifeza yo kwibiza ni ibidukikije neza kuruta HASL na ENIG.Irakunzwe kandi kubera igiciro cyayo gito ugereranije na ENIG.

Ibyiza:

• Koresha neza kuruta HASL
• Ibidukikije byiza kuruta ENIG na HASL
• Ubuzima bwa Shelf bungana na HASL
• Igiciro cyinshi kuruta ENIG

Ibibi:

• Ugomba kugurishwa mugihe umunsi PCB yakuwe mububiko
• Irashobora kwanduzwa byoroshye hamwe no gufata nabi
• Ntibishobora kuramba kurenza ENIGdue to no layer ya nikel munsi

OSP / Entek

OSP.

Ikoresha amazi ashingiye kumazi kama ihuza umuringa kandi igatanga urwego rwa organometalique irinda umuringa mbere yo kugurisha.Nicyatsi kibisi cyane mubidukikije ugereranije nibindi bisanzwe bitarangwamo isasu, bibabazwa nuburozi bwinshi cyangwa gukoresha ingufu nyinshi.

Ibyiza:

• Ubuso bwa Flat
• Nta Pb
• Inzira yoroshye
• Ongera ukore
• Ikiguzi Cyiza

Ibibi:

• Nta buryo bwo gupima ubunini
• Ntabwo ari byiza kuri PTH (Yashyizwe mu mwobo)
• Ubuzima Bugufi
• Irashobora Gutera Ibibazo bya ICT
• Cu yashyizwe ahagaragara Inteko yanyuma
• Gukemura ibyiyumvo

Amashanyarazi Nickel Immersion Zahabu (ENIG)

ENIG ni ibice bibiri byuma bya 2-8 μin Au hejuru ya 120-240 μin Ni.Nickel ni inzitizi y'umuringa kandi ni ubuso ibice bigurishwa.Zahabu irinda nikel mugihe cyo kubika kandi inatanga imbaraga nke zo guhura zisabwa kubitsa zahabu yoroheje.ENIG ubu twavuga ko ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda za PCB bitewe no gukura no gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza ya RoHs.

Icapiro ryumuzunguruko hamwe na Chem Gold Surface Kurangiza

Ibyiza:

• Ubuso bwa Flat
• Nta Pb
• Nibyiza kuri PTH (Bishyizwe mu mwobo)
• Ubuzima Burebure

Ibibi:

• Birahenze
• Ntabwo wongeye gukora
• Umukara / Umukara Nickel
• Ibyangiritse kuri ET
• Gutakaza Ibimenyetso (RF)
• Inzira igoye

Amashanyarazi Nickel Amashanyarazi Palladium Immersion Zahabu (ENEPIG)

ENEPIG, ugereranije numuntu mushya mubyerekezo byumuzunguruko isi yarangije, yaje bwa mbere ku isoko mu mpera za 90.Iyi mibumbe itatu yububiko bwa nikel, palladium, na zahabu itanga amahitamo nkayabandi: birashoboka.Icyambere cya ENEPIG kumurongo wacapwe hejuru yumuzunguruko wubatswe hejuru yubukorikori bitewe nigiciro cyinshi cya palladium kandi ntigikenewe gukoreshwa.

Gukenera umurongo wihariye wo gukora ntibyakiriwe kubera izo mpamvu.Vuba aha, ENEPIG yagarutse nkubushobozi bwo guhaza kwizerwa, ibikenerwa mu gupakira, hamwe na RoHS ibipimo ninyongera hamwe nurangiza.Nibyiza kuri progaramu yumurongo mwinshi aho intera igarukira.

Iyo ugereranije nibindi bine byambere birangiye, ENIG, Kurongora Ubuntu-HASL, kwibiza ifeza na OSP, ENEPIG irusha byose kurwego nyuma yo guterana.

Ibyiza:

• Ubuso bukabije
• Nta Biyobora
• Inteko nyinshi
• Amahuriro meza yo kugurisha
• Umuyoboro
• Nta ngaruka zo kwangirika
• 12 Ukwezi cyangwa Ubuzima Bukuru bwa Shelf
• Nta ngaruka z'umukara

Ibibi:

• Biracyari Bihenze
• Yongeye Gukorana Nimbibi Zimwe
• Imipaka ntarengwa

Zahabu - Zahabu

Zahabu ikomeye ya Electrolytike igizwe nurwego rwa zahabu rushyizwe hejuru yumwenda wa nikel.Zahabu ikomeye iraramba cyane, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubice byambarwa cyane nkintoki zihuza intoki na kanda.

Bitandukanye na ENIG, ubunini bwayo burashobora gutandukana mugucunga igihe cyigihe cyo gufata amasahani, nubwo agaciro gasanzwe kintoki ni 30 μin zahabu hejuru ya 100 μin nikel yo mucyiciro cya 1 nicyiciro cya 2, 50 μin zahabu hejuru ya 100 μin nikel yo mu cyiciro cya 3.

Zahabu ikomeye ntabwo isanzwe ikoreshwa ahantu hashobora kugurishwa, kubera igiciro cyayo kinini kandi ntigishobora kugurishwa.Umubyimba ntarengwa IPC ibona ko ushobora kugurishwa ni 17.8 μin, niba rero ubu bwoko bwa zahabu bugomba gukoreshwa ku buso bugurishwa, umubyimba w’izina usabwa ugomba kuba hafi 5-10 μin.

Ibyiza:

• Ubuso bukomeye, burambye
• Nta Pb
• Ubuzima Burebure

Ibibi:

• Birahenze cyane
• Gutunganya ibirenze / Gukora cyane
• Gukoresha Kurwanya / Gufata
• Gushiraho / Utubari dusabwa
• Gutandukanya
• Ingorane hamwe nubundi buso burangiye
• Etching Undercut irashobora kuganisha kuri Slivering / Flaking
• Ntabwo Igurishwa Hejuru ya 17 μin
• Kurangiza Ntabwo Byuzuye Byuzuye Inzira Yumuhanda, Usibye Mubice Byurutoki

Urashaka Ubuso Bwihariye Kurangiza kubuyobozi bwumuzunguruko wawe?