Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya siyanse nubuhanga, ikoranabuhanga rya PCB naryo ryagize impinduka nini, kandi inzira yo gukora nayo igomba gutera imbere.Muri icyo gihe, buri nganda ku bisabwa byubuyobozi bwa PCB zagiye zitera imbere buhoro buhoro, nka terefone ngendanwa na mudasobwa mu kibaho cy’umuzunguruko, gukoresha zahabu, ariko kandi no gukoresha umuringa, bikavamo ibyiza n’ibibi byubuyobozi byagiye buhoro buhoro byoroshye gutandukanya.

Turagutwara kugirango usobanukirwe nubuso bwibibaho bya PCB, gereranya ibyiza nibibi byububiko bwa PCB butandukanye burangire hamwe nibishobora gukoreshwa.

Mubyukuri bivuye hanze, igice cyinyuma cyumuzunguruko gifite amabara atatu yingenzi: zahabu, ifeza, umutuku werurutse.Ukurikije uko ibiciro byashyizwe mu byiciro: zahabu niyo ihenze cyane, ifeza niyindi ikurikira, umutuku werurutse niwo uhendutse cyane, uhereye ibara mubyukuri biroroshye cyane kumenya niba abakora ibyuma baciye inguni.Nyamara, ikibaho cyumuzunguruko cyimbere ni umuringa usukuye, ni ukuvuga ikibaho cyumuringa cyambaye ubusa.

A, Ikibaho cy'umuringa
Ibyiza: igiciro gito, ubuso buringaniye, kugurishwa neza (mugihe bitabaye okiside).

Ibibi: byoroshye kwibasirwa na aside nubushuhe, ntibishobora kubikwa igihe kirekire, kandi bigomba gukoreshwa mugihe cyamasaha 2 nyuma yo gupakurura, kuko umuringa uba oxyde byoroshye iyo uhuye numwuka;ntishobora gukoreshwa kumpande ebyiri, kuberako uruhande rwa kabiri rwahinduwe okiside nyuma yo kugaruka kwambere.Niba hari ikizamini, ugomba kongeramo ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe kugirango wirinde okiside, bitabaye ibyo ibizakurikiraho ntibishobora kuvugana na probe neza.

Umuringa usukuye urashobora guhumeka byoroshye iyo uhuye numwuka, kandi igice cyo hanze kigomba kugira urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurinda.Abantu bamwe batekereza ko umuhondo wa zahabu ari umuringa, icyo ntabwo aricyo gitekerezo cyiza, kuko aribwo umuringa uri hejuru yuburinzi.Birakenewe rero kuba ahantu hanini hashyizweho zahabu ku kibaho, ni ukuvuga ko nakuzaniye mbere kugirango wumve inzira ya zahabu yo kurohama.

B, Ikibaho cyometseho zahabu

Gukoresha zahabu nkigikoresho cyo gusya, kimwe nukworohereza gusudira, icya kabiri nukurinda ruswa.Ndetse na nyuma yimyaka itari mike yibuka intoki za zahabu, iracyaka nka mbere, niba ikoreshwa ryambere ryumuringa, aluminium, icyuma, ubu ryahindutse ikirundo cyibisigazwa.

Ipitingi ya zahabu ikoreshwa cyane mubice byumuzunguruko wibikoresho, intoki za zahabu, umuhuza shrapnel nahandi.Niba ubona ko akanama k’umuzunguruko ari ifeza, ntawabura kuvuga, hamagara umurongo wa telefoni y’uburenganzira bw’umuguzi, bigomba kuba ari uruganda rukata inguni, ntukoreshe ibikoresho neza, ukoresheje ibindi byuma kugirango ubeshye abakiriya.Dukoresha ikibaho cyumuzunguruko wa terefone ngendanwa cyane cyane ni ikibaho cyometseho zahabu, ikibaho cya zahabu cyarohamye, ikibaho cyababyeyi cya mudasobwa, amajwi na mato mato mato ya sisitemu muri rusange ntabwo ari ikibaho cyometseho zahabu.

Ibyiza nibibi bya zahabu yarohamye mubyukuri ntabwo bigoye gushushanya.

Ibyiza: ntabwo byoroshye okiside, birashobora kubikwa igihe kirekire, ubuso buringaniye, bukwiriye gusudira icyuho cyiza hamwe nibice hamwe nuduce duto two kugurisha.Bikunzwe kubibaho bya PCB bifite urufunguzo (nkibibaho bya terefone ngendanwa).Irashobora gusubirwamo inshuro nyinshi hejuru yo kugurisha ntibishobora kugabanya kugurishwa kwayo.Irashobora gukoreshwa nka substrate ya COB (Chip On Board).

Ibibi: Igiciro kinini, imbaraga zabagurisha nabi, byoroshye kugira ikibazo cyisahani yumukara kubera gukoresha nikel idafite amashanyarazi.Nikel igabanya okiside mugihe, kandi kwizerwa kuramba nikibazo.

Noneho tumenye ko zahabu ari zahabu, ifeza ni ifeza?Birumvikana ko atari, ni amabati.

C, HAL / HAL LF
Ikibaho cyamabara ya silver cyitwa spray tin board.Gutera igipande cyamabati mugice cyinyuma cyumurongo wumuringa nacyo gishobora gufasha kugurisha.Ariko ntishobora gutanga igihe kirekire cyo guhuza kwizerwa nka zahabu.Kubigize ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe nta ngaruka nini bifite, ariko kubirebire igihe kirekire kumasuka yindege, kwizerwa ntibihagije, nkibishishwa byubutaka, amasasu ya pin socket, nibindi .. Gukoresha igihe kirekire bikunze kwibasirwa na okiside hamwe ningese, bikavamo umubano mubi.Ahanini ikoreshwa nkibicuruzwa bito byumuzunguruko, nta kurobanura, ni ikibaho cya spray, impamvu ihendutse.

Ibyiza n'ibibi byayo byavuzwe muri make kuburyo bukurikira

Ibyiza: igiciro gito, imikorere myiza yo kugurisha.

Ibibi: ntibikwiye kugurishwa neza icyuho cyiza hamwe nibice bito cyane, kuko uburinganire bwububiko bwibiti bya spray burakennye.Mubikorwa bya PCB biroroshye kubyara amashapure (amasaro yo kugurisha), ibice byiza byinini (ikibanza cyiza) byoroshye gutera uruziga rugufi.Iyo ikoreshejwe muburyo bubiri bwa SMT, kubera ko uruhande rwa kabiri rwabaye ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, biroroshye kongera gushonga amabati ya spray hanyuma ukabyara amasaro ya tin cyangwa ibitonyanga byamazi bisa nuburemere mu bitonyanga byamabati ya sherfike, bikavamo a ubuso butaringaniye bityo bigira ingaruka kubibazo byo kugurisha.

Mbere twavuze ku rubaho ruhendutse rutukura rw'umuzunguruko, ni ukuvuga itara rya kirombe rimurika itandukanya umuringa substrate.

4, ikibaho cya OSP

Organic flux firime.Kuberako ari organic, ntabwo ari icyuma, nuko bihendutse kuruta gutera amabati.

Ibyiza n'ibibi byayo

Ibyiza: ifite ibyiza byose byo kugurisha ikibaho cyumuringa cyambaye ubusa, imbaho ​​zarangiye nazo zirashobora gusubirwamo nyuma yo kuvura hejuru.

Ibibi: Byoroshye kwibasirwa na aside hamwe nubushuhe.Iyo ikoreshejwe muburyo bwa kabiri, igomba gukorwa mugihe runaka, kandi mubisanzwe kugaruka kwa kabiri ntigukora neza.Niba igihe cyo kubika kirenze amezi atatu, kigomba gusubukurwa.OSP ni urwego rukingira, bityo ikizamini kigomba gushyirwaho kashe ya paste kugirango ikureho umwimerere wa OSP kugirango ubashe kuvugana nurushinge rwo gupima amashanyarazi.

Intego yonyine yiyi firime ngororamubiri ni ukureba niba umuringa wimbere wumuringa udahinduka okiside mbere yo kugurisha.Iyo firime imaze gushyuha mugihe cyo kugurisha, iyi firime irashira.Solder noneho irashobora kugurisha insinga z'umuringa hamwe nibigize hamwe.

Ariko irwanya cyane kwangirika, ikibaho cya OSP, gihura nikirere muminsi icumi cyangwa irenga, ntushobora kugurisha ibice.

Ububiko bwa mudasobwa ya mudasobwa ifite inzira nyinshi za OSP.Kuberako ikibaho kinini kinini cyane kuburyo udashobora gukoresha zahabu.